Assimilation, Ethnic Pluralism, and Transnationalism

Assimilation, Ethnic Pluralism, and Transnationalism Human beings experience forces to conform when they migrate into new and culturally foreign atmospheres. Immigrants may adapt to the cultural and social practices of their host communities through assimilation, ethnic pluralism, or transnationalism. These forms of adaptation have a number of similarities and differences that make them appropriate in different conditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Assimilation, Ethnic Pluralism, and Transnationalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Assimilation involves the incorporation of the minority immigrant groups into the majority group. They adopt the culture of the majority community. Ethnic pluralism, on the other hand, does not involve full integration. The minority communities retain their cultural and social distinctions, as they dwell in foreign countries. Transnationalism is the next mechanism for conformation. It applies to migrants who do not stay in one country but continuously cross-national borders. Assimilation has negative psychological consequences. Leading researches say that migrants who culturally assimilate experience advanced levels of stress and metal problems. In addition, such immigrants live under fear if they conform due to external forces. This is because it is not possible for immigrants, particularly first and second generations, to assimilate completely. Usually, if immigrants do not experience social assimilation, they cannot experience cultural assimilation and identity assimilation. The latter is the perfect form of assimilation, yet is difficult to achieve. Unlike assimilation, the modern society widely accepts transnationalism. This form of adaptation helps individuals to maintain social connection across national borders. In so doing, immigrants increase positive relationships between receiving countries and home countries. This helps immigrants to have an economic impact in two countries simultaneously. Immigrant entrepreneurs bring capital from their home countries and invest in the foreign countries. In return, they repatriate some of their profits back home.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Transnational immigrants have the opportunity to influence politics in the host country. They can also influence politics back at home. However, in practice, only a few of them make use of the absentee ballot. Immigrants can develop transnational identities. They may identify with both their home countries and receiving countries. However, it is always not easy for them to identify fully with receiving countries. This is because immigrants, especially high-skilled immigrants, rarely have negative encounters in host countries. Therefore, they maintain national identity with home countries and endeavor to build national identity with host countries. This usually leads to rising of cosmopo litan individuals who have developed transnational identification with many nations. Many people also appreciate ethnic pluralism. It works when the majority communities and minority communities tolerate each other. In this case, each community learns from each other. In addition to transnationalism, assimilation and ethnic pluralism cause identity change. Immigrants experience an increase in levels of loyalty towards their home countries. Immigration, also, disrupts an individual occupational identify. Individuals who work as middle class employee in their home countries cannot find similar jobs a broad. They end up doing unskilled jobs. Their social position in the society also declines. When immigrating, people should be aware of their right to movement, expression, and association. The information is useful in choosing the right ways to conform to their host communities. Assimilation has a number of setbacks and, therefore, not fit for immigrants.Advertising We will writ e a custom essay sample on Assimilation, Ethnic Pluralism, and Transnationalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individuals should embrace ethnic pluralism while permanently dwelling in foreign nations. However, immigrant who can take advantage of globalization should not embrace either assimilation or ethnic pluralism. Transnationalism offers many advantages to both the receiving and sending countries.

Geology of the Tibetan Plateau

Geology of the Tibetan Plateau The Tibetan Plateau is an immense land, about 3,500 by 1,500 kilometers in size, averaging more than 5,000 meters in elevation. Its southern rim, the Himalaya-Karakoram complex, contains not just Mount Everest and all 13 other peaks higher than 8,000 meters, but hundreds of 7,000-meter peaks that are each higher than anywhere else on Earth. The Tibetan Plateau is not just the largest, highest area in the world today; it may be the largest and highest in all of geologic history. Thats because the set of events that formed it appears to be unique: a full-speed collision of two continental plates. Raising the Tibetan Plateau Nearly 100 million years ago, India separated from Africa as the supercontinent Gondwanaland broke up. From there the Indian plate moved north at speeds of around 150 millimeters per year- much faster than any plate is moving today. The Indian plate moved so quickly because it was being pulled from the north as the cold, dense oceanic crust making up that part of it was being subducted beneath the Asian plate. Once you start subducting this kind of crust, it wants to sink fast (see its present-day motion on this map). In Indias case, this slab pull was extra strong. Another reason may have been ridge push from the other edge of the plate, where the new, hot crust is created. New crust stands higher than old ocean crust, and the difference in elevation results in a downhill gradient. In Indias case, the mantle beneath Gondwanaland may have been especially hot and the ridge pushed stronger than usual too. About 55 million years ago, India began to plow directly into the Asian continent. Now when two continents meet, neither one can be subducted under the other. Continental rocks are too light. Instead, they pile up. The continental crust beneath the Tibetan Plateau is the thickest on Earth, some 70 kilometers on average and 100 kilometers in places. The Tibetan Plateau is a natural laboratory for studying how the crust behaves during the extremes of plate tectonics. For example, the Indian plate has pushed more than 2000 kilometers into Asia, and its still moving north at a good clip. What happens in this collision zone? Consequences of a Superthick Crust Because the crust of the Tibetan Plateau is twice its normal thickness, this mass of lightweight rock sits several kilometers higher than average through simple buoyancy and other mechanisms. Remember that the granitic rocks of the continents retain uranium and potassium, which are incompatible heat-producing radioactive elements that dont mix in the mantle beneath. Thus the thick crust of the Tibetan Plateau is unusually hot. This heat expands the rocks and helps the plateau float even higher. Another result is that the plateau is rather flat. The deeper crust appears to be so hot and soft that it flows easily, leaving the surface above its level. Theres evidence of a lot of outright melting inside the crust, which is unusual because high pressure tends to prevent rocks from melting. Action at the Edges, Education in the Middle On the Tibetan Plateaus north side, where the continental collision reaches farthest, the crust is being pushed aside to the east. This is why the large earthquakes there are strike-slip events, like those on Californias San Andreas fault, and not thrust quakes like those on the plateaus south side. That kind of deformation happens here at a uniquely large scale. The southern edge is a dramatic zone of underthrusting where a wedge of continental rock is being shoved more than 200 kilometers deep under the Himalaya. As the Indian plate is bent down, the Asian side is pushed up into the highest mountains on Earth. They continue to rise at about 3 millimeters per year. Gravity pushes the mountains down as the deeply subducted rocks push up, and the crust responds in different ways. Down in the middle layers, the crust spreads sideways along large faults, like wet fish in a pile, exposing deep-seated rocks. On top where the rocks are solid and brittle, landslides and erosion attack the heights. The Himalaya is so high and the monsoon rainfall upon it so great that erosion is a ferocious force. Some of the worlds largest rivers carry Himalayan sediment into the seas that flank India, building the worlds largest dirt piles in submarine fans. Uprisings from the Deep All this activity brings deep rocks to the surface unusually fast. Some have been buried deeper than 100 kilometers, yet surfaced fast enough to preserve rare metastable minerals like diamonds and coesite (high-pressure quartz). Bodies of granite formed tens of kilometers deep in the crust have been exposed after only two million years. The most extreme places in the Tibetan Plateau are its east and west ends- or syntaxes- where the mountain belts are bent almost double. The geometry of collision concentrates erosion there, in the form of the Indus River in the western syntaxis and the Yarlung Zangbo in the eastern syntaxis. These two mighty streams have removed nearly 20 kilometers of crust in the last three million years. The crust beneath responds to this unroofing by flowing upward and by melting. Thus  leading to the large mountain complexes rise in the Himalayan syntaxes- Nanga Parbat in the west and Namche Barwa in the east, which is rising 30 millimeters per year. A recent paper likened these two syntaxial upwellings to bulges in human blood vessels- tectonic aneurysms. These examples of feedback between erosion, uplift and continental collision may be the most wonderful marvel of the Tibetan Plateau.

Curriculum Mapping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Curriculum Mapping - Essay Example The curriculum mapping helps in improving communication within parents and communities about curriculum and all that every teacher covers. When choosing a lesson topic, one can use the curriculum map by collecting information on what the topic is all about, then going through the information, and then mixing the group reviews after which the teacher determines on the points that can be revised immediately (Hale, 2008). Modification and extensions provide students with avenues of acquiring the contents, which has a sense of ideas, and developing the teaching materials in order for the students. Different learning styles and abilities may also include how students show how they have mastery of concepts. The key to differentia is finding how students can display their learning to meet the required specific needs (Kallick, 2009). Curriculum mapping improves the instruction by laying clear objectives of what are taught to eliminate unnecessary repetitions. It is also allows the objectives to be met in time as well as reflects on the student’s scores in class. Therefore, teachers should always carry out curriculum mapping to make time easy for them as well as making students to grasps things

The Sacred World of Imagination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Sacred World of Imagination - Essay Example The artificial animals are meaningless and superficial trappings. He worships any truly living animal as sacred. Still, in his quest for spiritual guidance, he is also forced to turn to the fraud and trickery of Mercerism. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep is a book that parodies man's superficial quest for religion through the fraud of animal worship and shows how man will even turn to inanimate objects for moral guidance. The story is told through the world of Rick Deckard. He is a bounty hunter who hunts down and kills the illegal Androids. The Rosen Corporation has built the new Nexus-6 robots so lifelike that they are almost undetectable. In a world where there is little that resembles life in the past, Deckard must seek out and destroy that which has the potential to replace it. The world has become splintered and alienated. People exist on the margins of life, outcast and distanced from any reality. Humans are segregated by health and kept at a distance from truth by the propaganda of the Android Buster Friendly's non-stop television show and the fraudulent religion of Mercerism. Having destroyed nearly all of the original creation, man must now decide which of his own replacements are good and which are evil. The story of morality is told through the animal kingdom. Animals are the one constant that everyone has a connection to. ... The Sidney's Catalogue has become the new bible, carried wherever they go and looked to for truth and guidance. When an animal that appears to be real confuses Rick he states his belief in Sidney's. He says, "Sidney's never makes a mistake. We know that too. What else can we depend on" (p.41). The bounty hunter that was trying to eliminate the false humans from earth was also dedicated to finding the only true animals left on the planet. Syndey's had become his bible. Virtue was evaluated by man's treatment and care of the animals he owned and knew. When Deckard was trying to purchase a horse from his neighbor, his neighbor rebuffed his request. Barbour, the neighbor said, "It would be immoral to sell my horse" (p.10). Deckard replied, "Sell the colt, then. Having two animals is more immoral than not having any" (p.10). Deckard and his neighbor were in a tug of war over the contention that there was a proper and moral responsibility to owning an animal. It did not involve the treatment of the animal, only the ownership. Ownership of one animal was righteous, more was gluttonous, and less was depraved. In Dick's book, animals were elevated to the elite level of ethics and Godliness. To know an appreciation for an animal was to make you a better human being. When John Isadore was returning to the pet repair shop to have what he believed was a robotic cat recharged, the cat expired. He was glad that it had died and now he "...no longer had to listen to the nerve wracking wheezing of the construct: he could relax" (p.72). Animals, and especially robotic ones, did not move Isadore. The war had left Isadore mentally challenged and he had been, "...reduced to this ignomous task with its attendant emotional by-products" (p.72). His mind had been reduced and

Optional to choose from the 4 different topics below Essay

Optional to choose from the 4 different topics below - Essay Example government to the government of ancient Athens. Ancient Democracy and Modern Democracy One similarity is the degree of nationalism or positive national sentiment espoused by the government and the people. For instance, the people of ancient Athens greatly valued their rights and power. As Pericles claimed, â€Å"Remember, too, that the reason why Athens has the greatest name in all the world is because she has never given in to adversity, but has spent more life and labor in warfare than any other state†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Euben et al. 106) The same as this deep-rooted sense of patriotism, determination, and achievement, the American government has also been recognized for displaying honor and integrity and it has also confronted periods of misfortune and hardships. Another comparison between ancient Athenian government and American government is observed when an absence of representation is evident. In American democracy, there are instances where the citizens are prohibited from the pr ocess of decision-making. This apparently is found in ancient Athenian government where only adult males were permitted to take part in the decision-making process within the government (Richard 75). At present, the United States implements a representative democracy where in it chooses ‘representatives’ through the process of election. ... Besides these similarities, there are also numerous differences between ancient Athenian government and the U.S. government. First, ancient Athens’s legal system was tough because people usually do not hire a lawyer to represent them; these people usually represent themselves without any official representative to handle the case. The opposite is true in the U.S. government. Second, distinctions between non-citizens and citizens were firmly established (Euben et al. 102). According to Richard (1994), â€Å"Greeks were intensely concerned with differences among individuals—differences between humans and animals, between males and females, between free people and slaves, between men who owned property and men who did not, and of course between Greeks and non-Greeks† (Richard 123). At present, the U.S. government opposes and tries to eliminate such distinctions or inequalities. Moreover, citizenship was established differently in ancient Athens. In ancient Athenian government, citizenship was not established by socioeconomic standing; however, class relations and the power to choose were strongly determined by democratic citizenship (Richard 123-124). Lastly, Athenian democracy, unlike American democracy, was restricted. Immigrants, children, slaves, and women were barred from citizenship and were prohibited from voting (Euben et al. 113). They did not possess any political power during this period. The American form of government specified in the U.S. Constitution is not in fact a ‘democracy’ as that concept was identified in the 18th century. Indeed, almost all of the founding fathers of the American nation regarded ‘unadulterated’ democracy similar to that implemented in ancient Athens—where the citizens governed themselves through

Contemporary Theories of Reasoning: An Analysis

Contemporary Theories of Reasoning: An Analysis Computational and algorithmic challenges to contemporary theories of reasoning Kattja Madrell Reasoning is the process of using given information to draw valid conclusions and produce new information (Goel Dolan, 2003) based on a combination of beliefs and language of thought (Fodor, 2001). The language of thought hypothesis proposed by Fodor (2001) states that thought and thinking occurs in a mental language; mental representations of reasoning are like sentences and this is why language of thought is sometimes also known as Mentalese (Murat 2010). Fodor (2001) admitted, however, that language of thought alone could not be used to explain reasoning; instead a combination of language of thought and a person’s belief is now accepted as the basis of human reasoning. Evans, Barston, Pollard (1983) found that a person’s beliefs about the conclusion of an argument influenced whether or not they deemed that conclusion to be valid; the truth value of a conclusion was based upon its logical relationship to a belief (Goel Dolan, 2003). Marr’s Levels of Analysis (1982) is a tri-level hypothesis that provides us with a critical framework to analyse and evaluate models of psychology thoroughly and consistently. There are three different levels; the computational level, the algorithmic level and the implementational level. In the field of cognitive psychology these levels have also been referred to as the semantic, the syntactic, and the physical (Pylyshyn, 1984). Marr (1982) describes the three levels of analysis as the following: â€Å"1. Computational Theory: the goal of the computation, why is it appropriate, and what is the logic of the strategy by which it can be carried out? 2. Representation and algorithm: How can this computational theory be implemented? In particular, what is the representation for the input and output, and what is the algorithm for the transformation? 3. Hardware implementation: How can the representation and algorithm be realized physically?† In other words, the computational level of analysis is concerned with what the model or system in question does and why does it do so. The algorithmic level builds upon this and analyses the way in which the system performs its computation whilst the implementational level is concerned with the way in which the system is physically implemented. Each level is a realisation of the level before it providing a more complete explanation of the system than its predecessor. This allows for the preservation of many of the properties of inter-level relationships in complex systems (McClamrock, 1991). This essay will discuss some of the critical issues and challenges to various contemporary theories of reasoning using Marr’s levels of analysis. Monotonic reasoning is based upon a series of logical rules. These rules are strict, rigid and cannot be altered by the addition of new information; instead this leads to the production of new beliefs (Brachman Levesque, 2004). In the absence of justifications that would make a rule non-monotonic, we use monotonic reasoning as a default (Lakemeyer Nebel, 1994). For example: A bass guitar (A) has four strings (B) A = B. James’ instrument (C) is a bass guitar (A) A = C Therefore James’ instrument (C) has four strings (B) (C = B) This is an example of monotonic reasoning; the rules are consistent and based on logic and do not appear to be problematic. But what happens when we learn that James’s bass guitar actually has five strings? Reasoning monotonically forces us to learn a new rule (A =  ¬B) that contradicts a rule that is already known to be true (A = B). The principle of contradiction proposes that statements which contract each other – such as â€Å"a bass guitar has four strings† and â€Å"a bass guitar does not have four strings† – are mutually exclusive and cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time (Whitehead Russell, 1912). Monotonic reasoning displays a computational crisis when faced with logically contradicting information; as the rules cannot be manipulated or altered, the goal of the reasoning cannot be achieved. As we gain new information on various things on a regular basis, it is inappropriate to reason monotonically, like in classical logic (Isaac, Szymanik Verbrugge, 2013), as we will not be able to incorporate any new information to our established beliefs. It stands to reason that the only appropriate time to rely on monotonic reasoning is when in a situation in which one has complete knowledge; this, however, is still risky as one may believe that they have complete knowledge of a situation as long as they are not aware of any reason or evidence to suspect otherwise, demonstrating a false belief of what is known as the Closed World Assumption, an example of non-monotonic reasoning (Etherington, 1986) Non-monotonic reasoning is computationally more complex than monotonic reasoning; with its main forms all sharing the same level of complexity (Eiter Gottlob, 1992). This is because the system is malleable and based on various different connections being made. Unlike in monotonic reasoning, the addition of new information that may be contradictive of beliefs already held can alter what is already known; this occurs in two main ways belief revision and belief update. Belief revision is the addition of new information into a set of old beliefs without any logical contradictions or inconsistencies; preserving as much information as possible. Belief update is the changing (or ‘updating’) of old beliefs to take into account any differences (Gà ¤rdenfors, 2003). Non-monotonic reasoning leads to common-sense conclusions being drawn that are based upon the combination of both supporting evidence and the lack of contradictory evidence; Monotonic reasoning encounters problems with this due to the fact that the beliefs being reasoned about do not consider the absence of knowledge (Etherington, 1986). Non-monotonic reasoning shows a level of tautology that is not present in its monotonic counterpart; as beliefs are revised or updated to incorporate new information they become harder to negate. Take the previous example: A bass guitar (A) has four strings (B) A = B James’ instrument (C) is a bass guitar (A) A = C Therefore James’ instrument (C) has four strings (B) (C = B) We now know that the bass guitar in question has 5 strings. Using non-monotonic reasoning we can now amend our initial belief that a bass guitar has four strings so that it now shows: A bass guitar (A) usually has four strings (B) unless it does not have four strings ( ¬B) A = B unless A =  ¬B This example demonstrates a common display of default reasoning (Reiter, 1980); statistically most A’s are B’s so it is acceptable to make a general assumption based on the statistical majority. As well as making general assumptions, default reasoning is also based upon conventional and persistent assumptions, along with a lack of contradictive information (Brachman Levesque, 2004). Various rules of inference in non-monotonic reasoning have been proposed and explored, including circumscription (McCarthy, 1980) and negation as failure (Clark, 1978). The closed world assumption is a form of non-monotonic reasoning based on the assumption of complete knowledge. Proposed by Reiter in 1978 the closed world assumption is described as follows: â€Å"If we assume all relevant positive information is known, anything which is not known to be true must be false. Negative facts may simply be inferred from absence of positive counter parts† (Reiter, 1978). To put it in other terms, if P is not provable from the knowledge base available then we must assume not P ( ¬P) (Etherington, 1986). This assumption has one major flaw; should a person not be in possession of all the relevant information, then the assumption can no longer apply. When (and only when) there is a complete and expert knowledge of the matter being reasoned about is it truly appropriate to employ the closed world assumption. In order to prevent unwanted inferences of non-monotonic logic, such as the false belief of the closed world assumption, it is necessary to retract any assumption of complete knowledge; this leads to the use of implicit general assumptions (Brachman Levesque, 2004). If the addition of any newly learned information is contradictive to these general assumptions, adjustments are made (Etherington, 1986) and beliefs are updated or revised (Gà ¤rdenfors, 2003). The general assumptions made when reasoning non-monotonically are based upon normalcy obtained from knowledge and experience; we may assume that James’ bass guitar has four strings as bass guitars normally do so. But what statistical probability can be assigned to an assumption to label it as ‘normal’ and what situational factors determine which assumptions can be made? When does a situation deem it appropriate to assume? The complexity of the ever-changing algorithms behind non-monotonic reasoning lead to different results being produced; for example, due to slight changes in situation, individual differences and varying information. Default reasoning is arguably one of the most popular forms of non-monotonic reasoning (Reiter, 1978). Based on the principles of default logic (see Nebel, 1991; Goldszmidt Pearl, 1996), default reasoning demonstrates a serious computational crisis known as the specificity principle. The specificity principle states that, when faced with a logical conflict, people make assumptions based more commonly upon more specific defaults than general ones (Brachman Levesque, 2004); this can lead to stronger conclusions and, although at times, these conclusions are correct, the assumption itself that more specific defaults should be preferred is logically lacking (Brewka, 1994). In order to â€Å"make up† for this problem of specificity, one would have to overtly assign the appropriate priority levels to the defaults in regards to the situation in question. According to the principle of contradiction proposed by Whitehead Russell in 1912, when faced with a logical contradiction, a logical person should be able to disregard the restrictions of their system of reasoning to arrive at a logical conclusion. This however is not the case. In fact, much literature to date has shown human beings to behave in an illogical manner, demonstrating various logical fallacies that people reason with when using argumentation to negotiate life in a complex world (Hahn Oaksford, 2013). A few examples of this are ad hominem, ad Hitlerum and the slippery slope argument. When the character of an individual is attacked, it is suggested that any proposition they put forward should be disregarded; this is known as Ad Hominem (Hahn Oaksford, 2013). Ad hominem is a logical fallacy that proposes that once the character or credibility of an individual has been questioned, it is no longer possible for one to have absolute confidence in what that individual says (Harris, 2012). The term ad Hitlerum was coined by Leo Strauss in 1953; it is the name given to the logical argumentation that an idea or a view can be refuted if it is compared to one that may be held by Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party. Harris et al., in 2012, conducted a series of experiments to see whether or not participants agreed or disagreed with an opinion that may had been similar to a view shared by Hitler. They found that participants demonstrated sensitivity to probabilistic information when they were evaluating whether or not the ad Hitlerum argument was convincing. This showed that people based some of their conclusions on the origin of an argument rather than current facts. The slippery slope argument is another logical fallacy based upon belief or assumption rather than evidence, in this case not doing something for fear of what negative consequences that action may lead to. Corner, Hahn, and Oaksford (2011) outlined four defining components of the slippery slope argument: . â€Å"An initial proposal (A). . An undesirable outcome (C). . The belief that allowing (A) will lead to a re-evaluation of (C) in the future. . The rejection of (A) based on this belief.† Within beliefs in the slippery slope argument there appears to be some sort of implied mechanism which leads to the consequent action (C) directly from the antecedent action (A), even though this belief is not based upon prior knowledge nor empirical findings (Hahn Oaksford, 2013). These logical argumentations provide a computational challenge as, should human beings operate logically, conclusions should not be drawn based upon these fallacies however empirical evidence has shown that they frequently are (Harris et al., in 2012). Bayes Theorum is a formula proposed by Thomas Bayes that can be used to calculate probability in everyday reasoning (Bayes Price, 1763). Bayesian reasoning is the process of reasoning probabilistically under uncertain circumstances when not all information is known or available (Korb Nicholson, 2011). Using Bayes theorem, we can calculate the likelihood of different outcomes based on prior knowledge and experience of the world, assign probabilistic values and act accordingly (Oaksford Chater, 2007). The use of Bayesian reasoning has provided a new perspective in the analysis of psychological research; results from empirical studies have shown great deficits in human ability to reason logically (Wason, 1972). Where it would be most logical for participants to seek evidence that negated their hypothesis, they instead searched for and selected evidence that could only lead to the confirmation of their hypotheses (Hahn, Harris Oaksford, 2013). Using Bayes Theorem, however, Oaksford Chater (1994) demonstrated that this confirmatory response was actually the most probabilistically logical response; it involved the selection of data that provided the most information about the truth or falsity of the hypotheses (Hahn, Harris Oaksford, 2013). Persuasion is the process of sending a message to change a belief or incite an action. As well as its personal use, persuasion plays a major role in advertising, politics, law and many more public activities (Kamenica Gentzkow, 2009). There are a variety of different Bayesian persuasion mechanisms, such as talk games (Crawford Sobel, 1982), persuasion games (Milgrom Roberts, 1986), and signalling games (Spence, 1973); Bà ©nabou and Tirole (2004) further adapted the use of Bayesian persuasion to investigate mechanisms of self-signalling and self-regulation. Throughout all aspects of Bayesian reasoning, one thing remains constant; a person (A) can affect the actions of another (B) only by first changing the beliefs of B (Kamenica Gentzkow, 2009). Bayesian persuasion has been criticised in terms of its computational properties. Unlike argumentation, persuasion is concerned with what persuasive techniques work and why regardless of whether or not the reasoning was rational (Madsen et al., 2013). Empirically, the results of study into persuasion have shown that the effects on a person’s beliefs rarely persist (Cook Flay, 1978). There is also a lack of evidence in literature demonstrating that belief change resulting from a persuasive argument produces behaviour that corresponds with the change in belief (Festinger 1964). Bayesian reasoning shows a great deal of algorithmic complexity. The type of information being reasoned about has an effect upon the conclusions drawn with people showing greater difficulty in reasoning with conditional information than joint information (Lewis Keren, 1999). The probability estimates for a hypothesis are frequently updated with the addition of new relevant information using Bayesian inference. Gigerenzer Hoffrage (1995) analysed thousands of Bayesian problems and found that the adaptation of Bayes theorem using a frequency formats can be used to reduce algorithmic complexity. Bayesian persuasion is also a very complex process, most successful persuasion of belief happens after multiple persuasion attempts over a long period of time (Kamenica Gentzkow, 2009). Hahn and Oaksford (2013) proposed that the most influential factor of persuasion is the quality of the argument being put forward; because the quality of an argument is subject to personal opinion it provokes the question ‘what makes an argument good or bad?’ Human beings are not perfect Bayesians (Mullainathan, Schwartzstein Shleifer, 2008) and while some persuasive activities may reflect a person’s failures of rationality, Kamenica and Gentzkow (2009) concluded that a complete understanding of a Bayesian persuasion is needed in order to fully assess results in literature. Recently, psychological study has begun addressing the current issues in the computational and algorithmic levels of different types of reasoning. The effects of emotion upon the ability to reason logically have been called in to question (see Blanchette, 2013; Ayesh, 2003) as has the much greater issue of subjectivity in Bayesian reasoning (see Press, 2009; Ben-David Ben-Eliyahu-Zohary, 2000).

Searching For Independence In Dubliners :: Essays Papers

Searching For Independence In Dubliners James Joyce is the author of Dubliners, a compilation of Irish short stories that reflect on the feelings he associates with the city of Dublin, where he grew up in a large impoverished family. After he graduated from the University College, Dublin, Joyce went to live abroad in Paris, France. This action indicates a sense of entrapment that led to his desire to escape. The situations in his stories differ significantly, but each character within these stories experiences this sense of escape that Joyce had. In â€Å"An Encounter†, two boys make their first real move at being independent by skipping school to explore Dublin. In â€Å"Eveline†, the main character has a choice between taking care of her unstable father or leaving him to lead a new life with a man she has been seeing. In Joyce’s story, â€Å"The Dead,† a young man is thrown into deep human assessment, becomes unsure of who he is, and soon after is frightened of this newly discovered truth. The stories in Dubliners implicate this need for independence through characters in different situations and experiencing the feeling of entrapment. â€Å"An Encounter,† takes a unique approach in describing the need for escape through the viewpoint of a young boy. The story is written in first-person giving the reader an advantage in knowing the thoughts of the narrator. The narrator and his friend, Mahony, desire independence from their ordinary lives at home. They have read several stories about the Wild West that cause them to think about exploring the world outside of the one they already know. An incident that happens in school triggers the boys to finally make plans to skip school to go explore downtown Dublin. This is the major independent action taken on the part of the main characters and another boy, Leo Dillon. Obviously, school has become predictable and playing in the backyard is no longer satisfactory. The narrator describes school as a, â€Å"restraining influence,† and he, â€Å"began to hunger again for wild sensations, for the escape which those chronicles of disorder (storybooks about the west) alone seemed to offer me† (12). Parts of the story begin to demonstrate how the journey the boys have embarked on have awakened their senses. In the middle of the story, Mahony states it would be fun to board one of the large boats along the river, and set off to lands that they had only heard about in school.

Twelve men

Try and link views and values to the themes in the text where you can! Identifying views and values 1 . Identify three core views that you believe are expressed throughout ‘Twelve Angry Men' 2. Write three sentences about these views using the sample below as a model Egg: Rose's play challenges the audience to examine their own prejudice, exposing the dangers of prejudging, particularly in the court room. 3. What does Rose value / condemn?Identify three qualities/concepts/ideas that you believe Reginald Rose endorses, challenges or leaves unquestioned in ‘Twelve Angry Men'. Justify your response. 2. Setting: Rose's play is all acted on the same set: Analyses the imagery created by the stage directions at the beginning of the play (Para) Analyses the scenes that take place in the washroom. What is the purpose of this separate section of the stage? In what way(s) does it enable Rose to develop his characters (for example, what is revealed about their motives, attitudes and values etc) as well as our perceptions and responses to them?How does Rose use the New York skyline to reflect his views on the indifference humans can have to serious situations? (p. -4) What is the effect of the way that Rose confines the action of the play to the Jury room? How does it enable Rose to develop dramatic tensions throughout the play? 3. Characters: 1 . Provide character details for each of the twelve Jurors. You can choose to present your details in a comprehensive paragraph on each character, a character map or a chart.You should include: any biographical information: experiences such as: occupation, where they live / grew up the character's personality and role(s) in the play: how they feel about the task, their reasons for feeling the boy is guilty (or innocent); their relationships, attitudes and values 3 – 5 relevant quotations for each character 2. Create a table detailing each Juror's views on the guilt of the defendant. Chart how / why these change ove r the course of the play: Juror When swayed How swayed Evidence (look at stage directions in particular) 3. Now, discuss Rose's view of each character.Is he sympathetic or unsympathetic? Admiring or critical? Affectionate or hostile? How do you know? Explain using quotes. Characterization: Characters views and values can be revealed through: Authorial comments e. G. Hat Rose reveals in the stage directions What the character says themselves How the character speaks – think specifically about the language the character uses and the tone they use What others say or think about them What the character does How their personalities and attitudes are revealed in their relationships How the characters attitudes and beliefs are challenged by others 1 .Choose three key moments in the text where Rose's portrayal of the character reveals something about their or his own views and values. Outline this. 2. Find 5 stage directions relating to your character and explain their relevance â₠¬â€œ choose stage erections that reveal varied aspects of the character (egg: growth over time) 3. Create a word bank for this character 4. Write a succinct paragraph on how views and values are aligned with characters in the text.Remember to begin with a clear contention, provide explanation (about how the views and values are presented) and support with evidence from the text. (see example below to help get you started) For example: Rose depicts the Juror as a forceful and extremely opinionated man within whom can be detected a streak of sadism. He is hammerless and intolerant, and indeed, his lack of compassion is strongly contrasted to the humanity ND sense of moral obligation we find in Juror . This reflects Rose's criticism of 4. Themes Complete a 200 word analysis of each of the themes below for the text as whole.Ensure you utilizes the TEE structure in your analysis: Topic: Introduce the theme and discuss the development of it throughout the text Explain and Explore: Give on e or more strong examples from the text to discuss the overall theme e. G. Key events, reflections from Rose etc Evidence: Finally, use quotes throughout your analysis to strengthen your discussion. Racial prejudice justice and the Jury rationality and subjectivity ere pressure: the power of conformity civic duty(qualities such as honor, compassion, empathy†¦ ND the flip side of this: insensitivity, ignorance †¦ ) 5. Structure and language 1. Rose said: No one anywhere ever knows what goes on inside a Jury room but the Jurors, and I thought then that a play taking place entirely within a Jury room might be an exciting and possible moving experience for an audience. Discuss in detail the choices Rose makes to engage the audience in the drama of his play; to encourage them to reflect on their own prejudices as well as using the court mom to present his views on the importance of integrity and active citizenship. . Plot the tensions' of the drama. What are the turning points? Where do they occur? Why? 3. Choose 2 Jurors and study the language patterns and choices. How do they speak to others? What tone(s) do they use? Are their word choices negatively or positively contacted? How does use Rose use their language to influence our reactions to them? Use examples to support your discussions. 4. Make a list of 10 stage directions, presented in sequential order, that show what is happening in terms of the physical action of the play. Explain their significance. 5.Make a list of 10 stage directions, presented in sequential order, that show what is happening in terms of the emotional states of the characters in the play. You could choose 1 character or various characters. If you choose one character, do not choose the character that you worked on in the group task. Explain their significance. 6. One of the key skills of this outcome is the ability to analyses the ways in which textual meaning is created. This means being able to identify narrative devices used by authors and the way structural and language elements contribute to a readers understanding of the key textual concerns.Some of the devices include: Narrative viewpoint Imagery (similes, metaphors, personification etc) Symbolism / Motif Tone / Mood – consider here Rose's use of the storm, interactions / tension between characters Setting Colloquial Language Writers use these devices to shape our perceptions of and attitudes towards characters and textual ideas / themes. Find 10 literary devices Rose utilizes throughout the text and explain their meaning. Language / Literary Device (for example, symbol, imagery – simile / metaphor, use of setting etc.Textual Example (Quote) Meaning Created (for egg, how do we perceive character, what does it add to our understanding of theme, social context etc. ) 6. Differing interpretations 1 . For each of the following statements, find examples from the text that challenge or endorse the ideas presented – discuss why you ch ose them â€Å"[Twelve Angry Men] points up the fact, which too many of us have not taken seriously, of what it means to serve on a Jury when a man's life is at stake. † â€Å"Numbered but not named, [the Jurors] comprise a cross section of American society†¦ Eire value for Rose is as social representatives rather than as individuals. † â€Å"What is uplifting is that Rose's narrative shows the ugliness of racial prejudice, and then rational men turning their backs on this ugliness. The racist views do not hold sway for long. † Using the themes in the text, develop interpretative statements about the text that link two or more of these ideas in one sentence. For example: Throughout his play, Rose critiques the oppressive and discriminative environment of McCarthy America, exploring the way some Jurors use the power of their rationality to attempt to sway others to share their point of view.Indeed, the 8th juror is aware of the effects and dangers of peer pr essure and this is illustrated through his request to have the second (and possibly the most important vote) taken as an anonymous ballot (p. 18) At various moments in the play, the 10th, 3rd and 7th jurors do try to sway the vote to ‘guilty through the use of intimidation rather than argument. What can be interpreted is another clear message conveyed by Rose through his play is that this type of intimidation will ultimately be unsuccessful.Logic and reason do win out over endemic prejudice, but what the play also illustrates is that for this to occur, there must be voices who are prepared to hold true to their convictions. This is clearly portrayed through the contrast between the â€Å"[interrupting]† and â€Å"[shouting]† of Jurors 10 and 3 and the â€Å"[calm]† and reflective â€Å"[pauses]† of Juror 8. 2. What â€Å"truths† are revealed throughout the play? 3. Identify one character in the text that you are sympathetic towards and one yo u are critical of. Explain your reactions using evidence from the text.

Fedex

FedEx Corporation Operating Segments and Companies Basically, FedEx is divided into four segments and 11 operating companies. The segments consist of FedEx Express Segment, FedEx Ground Segment, FedEx Freight Segment, and FedEx Freight Segment. The 4 segments and 11 operating companies are as shown chart below: FedEx Services Segment FedEx Freight Segment FedEx Ground Segment FedEx Express Segment FedEx Services FedEx Freight FedEx Ground FedEx Express FedEx Global Supply Chain ServicesFedEx Customer Information Services FedEx Office Caribbean Transportation Services FedEx Trade Network FedEx SmartPost FedEx Custom Critical SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Its key purpose is to identify the strategies that will create a firm specific business model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates.The major SWOT considerations in FedEx's attempt to continue its growth and dominance are the following: Strengths * Strong brand name * Superior service performance * Advanced technology innovations * Impressive infrastructure of equipments * Focus on customers satisfaction * Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Unmatched reputation or on-time delivery * Lots of planes, well-located hubs, great routes/landing rights * Ranked as one of the best companies to work for many years in a row * Great R;amp;D, quite innovative * Extensive capital expenditures * FedEx SWOT Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Large scale operations| Weaknesses * High prices relative to competitors * Not as strong internationally * Costly innovation technology * Less capable in ground service * Weak and slow returns * Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize * Lag UPS in the ground delivery market * Very exposed to economic conditions and fuel prices| Opportu nities * Untapped market * Economy is beginning to recover, especially in Asia (China specifically) * Increase in demand of logistics * Alliance with USPS * The cost of infrastructure of express delivery companies are a barrier of entry to new comers * FedEx leadership in global express delivery – As long as the nature of our socioeconomic environment exists, there will always be a need for express delivery * E-commerce is creating an increased need for express delivery * Globalization offers opportunities for expansion * Currently offer services to 220+ countries and barring government intervention, can expand in them as it sees fit * Continued globalization of the world marketplace means more contract are available and at higher volumes as well * Expansion of online retailing creates an increased need for on-time, hassle-free shipping * Focus on taking away international market share from DHL and domestic ground delivery from UPS| Threats * Increasing in transportation cost s (fuel charge) * Economic down in US * Substitution (UPS,PosLaju,GDex,DHL) * Online competitive advantage of rivals * Maintaining the infrastructure of an express delivery company is an exit barrier because of high fixed costs * Capitol is acquired through the volume of sales, so the high fixed costs can hurt when times are slow * Due to the nature of the industry, it is nearly impossible to become the clear industry leader * The nature of the industry shows very low returns on invested capitol * The E-tailing industry demands lower shipping rates and charges to pull customers from the retailing industries * Economic downturn has cut down on volume overall * Many consumers and businesses are switching to slower delivery options to save money * UPS is attempting to take away market share in the express delivery arena * E-mail may take away from overnight document delivery market| We have found 20 lists of SWOT under each component; however, there are only important issues that influ enced FedEx growth are picked after analysis the case. 1. Strengths FedEx has a strong brand image which gives it significant strengths among the competitors and the company was named the Fortune's sixth best admired company all over the world.They offer superior overnight delivery performances which are divided into four segments and 11 operating companies, and the segments that offers are FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight and FedEx Service. From performance view, FedEx confirms that roughly 99 percent of its deliveries are delivered to doorstep on time. This gives a significant competitive advantage with differentiating their services with other competitors who do not offer their customers of these services. FedEx has a strong and impressive infrastructure of equipment and processes. Through the first and second agreement with U. S. Postal Service, FedEx able delivery services through air transportation and have option to drop box in every U. S. post office.These agreemen ts have created the Postal Service’s Global Express Guaranteed service which offers date certain international delivery to over 190 countries. Besides that, FedEx also well knows with its great R&D and innovative of delivery service. For instance, FedEx provides the innovation of new residential delivery service which is FedEx ® Home Delivery in key U. S. cities and a pioneer in applying advanced information technology to meet customer needs. In additional, advanced technology has hit their aims to focus on customer satisfactions. FedEx has a huge advantage with regards to reaching untapped places and the acquisitions of major companies have created a more organized and a more able delivery system. 2. WeaknessesThere are few weaknesses in FedEx that hindering it from growing stronger in domestically and internationally. FedEx services are priced using a zone system which means that the distance of package must travel to reach its final destination determines the price i s higher relative to competitors. This significant weakness exists as FedEx is still recovering from the debt of purchasing Flying Tiger Line airfreight service. Besides that, they are less capable in ground service compared to UPS. Other than that, FedEx has involved costly technology innovations. For instance, in order to determine the status of their packages at all possible locations along the delivery route in real time.Customers can track packages in three ways by accessing the FedEx Web site on the Internet and click on the features of FedEx Ship Manager at fedex. com, or FedEx WorldTM Shipping Software. Other than that, Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize under a four year agreement ratified in 2007. This caused FedEx to deal with the bill which they opposed fiercely and bring the bill into law. Indirectly, this incident leads to increase service costs by 30 percent that need to bear by the customers and inconsistency of operating throughout the organization. 3. Opportunities FedEx have a lot of potential in expansion due to the company's fame around the world. The untapped market has given FedEx a great opportunity to penetrate into large global market.Untapped market happened when political changes in foreign market. Next, the cost of infrastructure of express delivery of FedEx is a barrier of entry to new comers. New comers need to bear with a large amount of cost to build their infrastructure such as airfreight for delivery service. Nowadays, E-commerce and online shopping expansion is creating an increased need for express delivery. The expansion leads to the demand of hassle-free and on time delivery to volume up. Economic is recovering especially in Asia is also one of the opportunity for FedEx. Despite the problems in Europe, the Asian economy was growing rapidly and manufactured product exports were accelerating at the same time.This has increased the demand on express delivery and FedEx introduced AsiaOne network which gave effec tiveness and efficiency in delivery. 4. Threats One of the threats that faced by FedEx was increasing transportation cost which involves high fuel charge. The increasing fuel prices are likely to have a direct impact on the company's profit margins by causing a raise in the operating expenses of FedEx. This is an unavoidable threat as FedEx has a high reliance on fuel compared to UPS in express deliveries. There are few competitors in express delivery services domestically and internationally such as UPS, DHL, PosLaju and GDex. This has given customers a substitution choice to substitute FedEx express delivery services. Hence,FedEx has to make a differentiation between the competitors in order to win the market to avoid customers from switching to other delivery option. In year 1992, economic turnover in United State gave affect in the amount of package delivers per day. By end of 1992, FedEx experienced total loss of $133 billion and negative earnings per share of $2. 11. Many cust omers were switching to slow delivery options to save money. Advanced technology of email may take away from overnight document delivery market which also a threat that is beyond FedEx control. The ways that FedEx uses their SWOT analysis in helping them to create a competitive advantage will be explained in the part of Strategies to Put FedEx Ahead of The Game. Fedex Critical Thinking and Project Management Homework #2 use a Dunker Diagram to identify many potential solutions The Dunker diagram technique is used after you have articulated your â€Å"present state† and â€Å"desired state†. It is used to generate many ideas for solutions to a problem. But It works by prompting you to not only consider solutions that achieve the desired state but also solutions that make It â€Å"okay† -with you – to NOT necessarily achieve the desired state.This technique Is a good one to use when you recognize hat it may be impossible to achieve your desired state completely, and therefore, you might have to consider solutions that will make it OKAY – with you – to not achieve the desire state as you have defined it. It forces you to consider solutions that would achieve an acceptable resolution to the conflict or problem. Create a Dunker Diagram to Identify as many solutions as possible to the dilemma described below. Tu rn In your assignment to the dropped on learn by the due date on the syllabus.Scenario: You are the HER manager for a company that has a very large IT department (IT = Information Technology). In the next six months or so, you need to hire about 200 skilled IT workers (computer programmers, network administrators, database designers, web site developers, and help desk managers). You are running ads on job-posting web sites and working with a recruiting firm but you arena getting enough applicants with the required IT skills. There just aren't enough people out there that have IT skills necessary to do many of these jobs.Let's express this dilemma as the current state/desired state: Your current state is you don't have enough employees with strong IT skills. Your desired state is that you do have enough employees with strong IT skills. You decide to use the Dunker Diagramming technique so you can discover as many potential solutions to the problem as possible. Using â€Å"Dunkerâ₠¬  thinking, you realize that there are two paths you could take: (1) Try harder to hire more people with strong IT skills or (2) Make it okay NOT to hire more people with strong IT skills. When thinking of ways to accomplish #2 – make it okay not to have to hire more experienced people – DO NOT suggest that you remain â€Å"under-staffed† because that goes not solve the problem) using the template, apply the Dunker diagram technique to this problem to come up with several possible alternative solutions. (See pages 470-473) for a quick reference on Dunker diagrams Circle # Fill in the blanks Find a way to hire more skilled IT people Instead of putting ads in the paper and waiting on IT workers to come to you, go out and recruit IT. Fedex FedEx Corporation Operating Segments and Companies Basically, FedEx is divided into four segments and 11 operating companies. The segments consist of FedEx Express Segment, FedEx Ground Segment, FedEx Freight Segment, and FedEx Freight Segment. The 4 segments and 11 operating companies are as shown chart below: FedEx Services Segment FedEx Freight Segment FedEx Ground Segment FedEx Express Segment FedEx Services FedEx Freight FedEx Ground FedEx Express FedEx Global Supply Chain ServicesFedEx Customer Information Services FedEx Office Caribbean Transportation Services FedEx Trade Network FedEx SmartPost FedEx Custom Critical SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Its key purpose is to identify the strategies that will create a firm specific business model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates.The major SWOT considerations in FedEx's attempt to continue its growth and dominance are the following: Strengths * Strong brand name * Superior service performance * Advanced technology innovations * Impressive infrastructure of equipments * Focus on customers satisfaction * Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Unmatched reputation or on-time delivery * Lots of planes, well-located hubs, great routes/landing rights * Ranked as one of the best companies to work for many years in a row * Great R;amp;D, quite innovative * Extensive capital expenditures * FedEx SWOT Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Large scale operations| Weaknesses * High prices relative to competitors * Not as strong internationally * Costly innovation technology * Less capable in ground service * Weak and slow returns * Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize * Lag UPS in the ground delivery market * Very exposed to economic conditions and fuel prices| Opportu nities * Untapped market * Economy is beginning to recover, especially in Asia (China specifically) * Increase in demand of logistics * Alliance with USPS * The cost of infrastructure of express delivery companies are a barrier of entry to new comers * FedEx leadership in global express delivery – As long as the nature of our socioeconomic environment exists, there will always be a need for express delivery * E-commerce is creating an increased need for express delivery * Globalization offers opportunities for expansion * Currently offer services to 220+ countries and barring government intervention, can expand in them as it sees fit * Continued globalization of the world marketplace means more contract are available and at higher volumes as well * Expansion of online retailing creates an increased need for on-time, hassle-free shipping * Focus on taking away international market share from DHL and domestic ground delivery from UPS| Threats * Increasing in transportation cost s (fuel charge) * Economic down in US * Substitution (UPS,PosLaju,GDex,DHL) * Online competitive advantage of rivals * Maintaining the infrastructure of an express delivery company is an exit barrier because of high fixed costs * Capitol is acquired through the volume of sales, so the high fixed costs can hurt when times are slow * Due to the nature of the industry, it is nearly impossible to become the clear industry leader * The nature of the industry shows very low returns on invested capitol * The E-tailing industry demands lower shipping rates and charges to pull customers from the retailing industries * Economic downturn has cut down on volume overall * Many consumers and businesses are switching to slower delivery options to save money * UPS is attempting to take away market share in the express delivery arena * E-mail may take away from overnight document delivery market| We have found 20 lists of SWOT under each component; however, there are only important issues that influ enced FedEx growth are picked after analysis the case. 1. Strengths FedEx has a strong brand image which gives it significant strengths among the competitors and the company was named the Fortune's sixth best admired company all over the world.They offer superior overnight delivery performances which are divided into four segments and 11 operating companies, and the segments that offers are FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight and FedEx Service. From performance view, FedEx confirms that roughly 99 percent of its deliveries are delivered to doorstep on time. This gives a significant competitive advantage with differentiating their services with other competitors who do not offer their customers of these services. FedEx has a strong and impressive infrastructure of equipment and processes. Through the first and second agreement with U. S. Postal Service, FedEx able delivery services through air transportation and have option to drop box in every U. S. post office.These agreemen ts have created the Postal Service’s Global Express Guaranteed service which offers date certain international delivery to over 190 countries. Besides that, FedEx also well knows with its great R&D and innovative of delivery service. For instance, FedEx provides the innovation of new residential delivery service which is FedEx ® Home Delivery in key U. S. cities and a pioneer in applying advanced information technology to meet customer needs. In additional, advanced technology has hit their aims to focus on customer satisfactions. FedEx has a huge advantage with regards to reaching untapped places and the acquisitions of major companies have created a more organized and a more able delivery system. 2. WeaknessesThere are few weaknesses in FedEx that hindering it from growing stronger in domestically and internationally. FedEx services are priced using a zone system which means that the distance of package must travel to reach its final destination determines the price i s higher relative to competitors. This significant weakness exists as FedEx is still recovering from the debt of purchasing Flying Tiger Line airfreight service. Besides that, they are less capable in ground service compared to UPS. Other than that, FedEx has involved costly technology innovations. For instance, in order to determine the status of their packages at all possible locations along the delivery route in real time.Customers can track packages in three ways by accessing the FedEx Web site on the Internet and click on the features of FedEx Ship Manager at fedex. com, or FedEx WorldTM Shipping Software. Other than that, Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize under a four year agreement ratified in 2007. This caused FedEx to deal with the bill which they opposed fiercely and bring the bill into law. Indirectly, this incident leads to increase service costs by 30 percent that need to bear by the customers and inconsistency of operating throughout the organization. 3. Opportunities FedEx have a lot of potential in expansion due to the company's fame around the world. The untapped market has given FedEx a great opportunity to penetrate into large global market.Untapped market happened when political changes in foreign market. Next, the cost of infrastructure of express delivery of FedEx is a barrier of entry to new comers. New comers need to bear with a large amount of cost to build their infrastructure such as airfreight for delivery service. Nowadays, E-commerce and online shopping expansion is creating an increased need for express delivery. The expansion leads to the demand of hassle-free and on time delivery to volume up. Economic is recovering especially in Asia is also one of the opportunity for FedEx. Despite the problems in Europe, the Asian economy was growing rapidly and manufactured product exports were accelerating at the same time.This has increased the demand on express delivery and FedEx introduced AsiaOne network which gave effec tiveness and efficiency in delivery. 4. Threats One of the threats that faced by FedEx was increasing transportation cost which involves high fuel charge. The increasing fuel prices are likely to have a direct impact on the company's profit margins by causing a raise in the operating expenses of FedEx. This is an unavoidable threat as FedEx has a high reliance on fuel compared to UPS in express deliveries. There are few competitors in express delivery services domestically and internationally such as UPS, DHL, PosLaju and GDex. This has given customers a substitution choice to substitute FedEx express delivery services. Hence,FedEx has to make a differentiation between the competitors in order to win the market to avoid customers from switching to other delivery option. In year 1992, economic turnover in United State gave affect in the amount of package delivers per day. By end of 1992, FedEx experienced total loss of $133 billion and negative earnings per share of $2. 11. Many cust omers were switching to slow delivery options to save money. Advanced technology of email may take away from overnight document delivery market which also a threat that is beyond FedEx control. The ways that FedEx uses their SWOT analysis in helping them to create a competitive advantage will be explained in the part of Strategies to Put FedEx Ahead of The Game.

Neuro Lab Report Essay Example

Neuro Lab Report Essay Example Neuro Lab Report Paper Neuro Lab Report Paper We no longer observed an increase in peak of action potential trace at the 3. 5 Voltage. Activity 2-4: 1. What did you observe when the glass rod contacted the nerve? The glass rod contacted the nerve there was an instant deflection of the line. There was action potential on the oscilloscope. When 1. How does this tracing compare with the other tracings you have generated? The tracing was the exact same outcome as the other tracings except there was no added voltage only the addition of the glass rod. 3. What did you observe when the heated glass rod contacted the nerve? There was an instant deflection of the line similar to the line caused by the heated glass rod. Non- 4. How does this trace compare to the trace that we generated with the unheated glass rod? The tracing of the heated glass rod on the nerve was slightly a bit higher at tracing of its maximum peak and slightly lower at the lowest peak than the of the non heated glass rod. Acid 5. What did you observe when you added sodium chloride and hydrochloric solutions to the nerve? Once sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid solutions were added to the nerve there was a deflection of the line and caused action potential. Summarize your experimental results: What kinds of stimuli can elicit an action potential? Any stimuli that can reach above the 3 Voltage can elicit an action potential . Activity 5: 1. What are the effects of ether on the nerve? The effects of the ether on the nerve is that it causes the nerve to have no action potential. 1. How long did it take for the nerve to return to normal ? It took the nerve 6 minutes to return back to normal. Activity 6: 1. What effect did adding curare have on the action potential? Effect of adding curare was that it created action potential to the nerve. 1. Explain this effect. The It The effect of curare is paralyzing the action potential of the nerve. Interferes with the neuromuscular junction, it interferes with the Acetic Cooling and it depilatories it. 1. What do you think would be the overall effect of curare on the organism The overall effect of the curare on the organism is that it prevents the flow neuron impulses from neuron to neuron. Activity 7: 1. Does adding loading to the nerve generate an action potential? Adding loading does not generate action potential. 1. Explain why loading has this effect on nerve fiber transmission.

Communication in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Communication in business - Essay Example For sustainability purposes, Cemex Company has capitalized on sustainable development where the company emphasizes the aspect of making profit. The company has also well structured management policy that supports the efforts needed in promoting positive environmental strategies beneficial to the community2. The company has a structure which promotes the right of employees within the company’s environment, their customers and environment. These efforts are aimed at promoting effective corporate social responsibility in the community3. 1. Lessons Learnt Cemex employs the use of CxNetworks to attain their business objectives in global and providing their services to the community through CSR4. The company undertook this aspect by selling some of their assets and buying some important raw materials from the community. The use of the CxNetwork is beneficial to the company since it easy to do business with it and also assists in availing the online procurement web site. In this way, the company uses sustainability strategies to respect the CSR, which has proved to be more effective to the community5. The other lesson learnt from the past undertaking of the company is their partnership with Sinoma Energy Conservation from China in 20th March, 2012. The company manufactures it products from the waste from China. This in turn saves environmental resources and at the same time, recycles resources in order to make profit. This strategy improves the element of sustainability in making valid decisions, thus increasing the revenue and minimizing costs of the company. For the experience as a company, we strongly believe there is need to create environmental friendly approaches that will sustain the environment and promote the community through CSR principles. 2. Recommendations i). Develop comprehensive action plan that will provide a framework for promoting the principle of sustainability to address the problem of dereliction of the environment6. Benefits and Implicat ions a. The community will benefit through the element of corporate social responsibility since the community will participate in the process of formulation of the principles. The community will benefit in environment where the element of sustainability is guaranteed. b. The Local Network will gain from the principles thus minimizing the effects of environment dereliction caused by quarrying. This will also ensure that the Network’s activities are paralyzed by the community because the community now is the beneficiaries. ii). Employ both the use of local and external resources and manpower from the community through partnership including Local Network officials, developmental organizations, local community-based organizations, and government agencies7. Benefits and Implications a. The community through the CSR will enable the community members to access a vast expertise on ways of sustaining the environment thus making the objectives of the community realizable, b. The Networ k officials will be able to meet their financial obligations in the long-term thus offering members with the prospective of timely carrying out their chief business operations. iii). Incorporate the community‘

A formal business letter to the Chief Executive of Arsenal FC Essay

A formal business letter to the Chief Executive of Arsenal FC - Essay Example The major external environment forces include; Based on the PESTEL model, Economy is one of the external forces that influence business practices of Arsenal. Change in the UK economy may present both the positive and the negative results to Arsenalii. Therefore, business activities and strategies used by the club should acknowledge the influence of UK economy in the club’s business activities. Growth in economy may present various opportunities to the club. On the other hand, decline in economic growth during instances of recession affects the club’s business objectives in a negative manner. Favorable economic environment is strength to the club. Arsenal generates a substantial amount of income from match ticket sales. In 2011, the audit company, Deloitte, ascertained that the club earned  £93.1 million from ticket sales. With respect to the underlying external factor, ticket purchases depend on the prevailing economic environment. Recession results in low ticket sales. On the other hand, a boom in economy increases ticket sales; hence a subsequent increase in ticket revenue. In addition, economy affects the club’s commercial activities. Sale of property and other merchandise depends on the state of UK economy. Since the club owns property, which includes houses, recession results in poor sales of property. On the other hand, improvement of economy makes fans to buy more merchandise and homes. Finally, the UK economic environment influences player value whereby growth in economy results in a subsequent increase in player value. Consequently, the club may not be in a position to sustain quality players due to exorbitant wagesiii. Technology is another external force that influence business practices of Arsenal. In the contemporary business platform, technology plays a significant role in communication. In this regard, Arsenal adopts modern technological tools in conducting some of the business